查看“Requests”的源代码

Requests是一个开源的[[Python]]库，主要用于发送HTTP请求。

==简介==
===时间轴===

===安装===
使用[[pip]]安装：
 pip install requests

==快速入门==
===第一个程序===
<syntaxhighlight lang="python" >
import requests

r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/pass', auth=('user', 'pass'))
print(r.status_code)                # 200
print(r.headers['content-type'])    # 'application/json; charset=utf8'
print(r.encoding)                   # 'utf-8'
print(r.content)
</syntaxhighlight>
{{了解更多
|[https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ Requests 文档]
}}

=== 添加 HTTP 头部===
如果你想为请求添加 HTTP 头部，只要简单地传递一个字典给headers参数就可以了。
<syntaxhighlight lang="python" >
import requests

url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
</syntaxhighlight>

=== 传递URL参数 ===
传递URL参数，可以传递一个字典给参数params，Requests可以使用字典值生成相应url，如想传递 key1=value1 和 key2=value2 到 httpbin.org/get代码如下：
<syntaxhighlight lang="python" >
import requests

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r2 = requests.get("http://baidu.com/get", params=payload)
print(r2.url) 
 #http://baidu.com/get?key1=value1&key2=value2
</syntaxhighlight>

==发送请求==
Requests功能主要通过下面7中方法，它们都返回Response对象的一个实例。
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! 方法
! 描述
! 参数
|-
| get
| 发送GET请求
| url, params, \*\*kwargs
|-
| post
| 发送POST请求
| url, data, json, \*\*kwargs
|-
| put
| 发送PUT请求
| url, data, json, \*\*kwargs
|-
| delete
| 发送DELETE请求
| url,  \*\*kwargs
|-
| head
| 发送HEAD请求
| url,  \*\*kwargs
|-
| patch
| 发送HEAD请求
| url, data, json, \*\*kwargs
|-
| request
| 构造和发送请求
| method, url, params, data, json, headers, cookies, files, auth, timeout, allow_redirects, proxies, verify, stream, cert
|}

示例：
<syntaxhighlight lang="python" >
r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})
r = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'})
r = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
r = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
</syntaxhighlight>

{{了解更多
|[https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/#main-interface Requests API文档：主要接口]
}}

==Response对象==
Response对象包含服务器对一个HTTP请求的的响应。 示例中的r：
 r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! 属性与方法
! 描述
! 示例
|-
| text 
|  str类型（Unicode编码）响应内容
|  r.text
|-
| content
|  二进制类型响应内容
|  r.content
|-
| raw
|  原始套接字响应内容
|  r.raw
|-
| status_code 
|  响应的状态码
|  r.status_code
|-
| ok
|  如果status_code小于400返回Ture
| r.ok
|-
| raise_for_status
|   
|
|-
| request 
|  响应对应的请求
|  r.request
|-
| headers
|  响应头部
|  r.headers
|-
| url 
| 响应的最终请求地址
|   r.url
|-
| apparent_encoding
|  响应编码类型（chardet检测）
| r.apparent_encoding
|-
| encoding
| 
| r.encoding 
|-
| json()
| JSON解码器
|  r.json()
|-
| close()
| 
|
|-
| cookies
| 
|
|-
| elapsed
| 
|
|-
| history 
| 
|
|-
| is_permanent_redirect
| 
|
|-
| is_redirect
| 
|
|-
| iter_content
| 
|
|-
| iter_lines
|
|
|-
| links
| 
|
|-
| next
| 
|
|-
| reason
| 
|
|}

{{了解更多
|[https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/#requests.Response API文档：Response对象]
}}
==资源==
===官网===
*Requests 官网：https://requests.readthedocs.io/
*Requests 文档：https://requests.readthedocs.io/
*Requests 源代码：https://github.com/psf/requests

===网站===